Diet Berbasis Sorgum (Sorghum bicolor L Moench) Memperbaiki Proliferasi Limfosit Limfa dan Kapasitas Antioksidan Hati Tikus
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Abstract
Sorgum merupakan tanaman serealia yang sangat berguna sebagai sumber karbohidrat alternatif dalam program diversifikasi pangan. Sorgum memiliki kandungan protein yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan beras dan berprospek baik untuk dikembangkan di Indonesia. Banyak penelitian telah menunjukkan bahwa sorgum sangat baik untuk kesehatan, antara lain untuk mengurangi resiko penyakit degeneratif. Penelitian secara in vitro sebelumnya, menunjukkan bahwa serealia ini mampu meningkatkan proliferasi limfosit manusia, yang menunjukkan perbaikan sistem imun. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari efek sorgum terhadap sistem imun dan kapasitas antioksidan secara in vivo pada tikus. Tiga kelompok tikus diberi pakan kontrol, pakan mengandung 50 persen atau 100 persen sorgum sebagai sumber karbohidrat selama 7 minggu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelompok tikus yang diberi pakan mengandung 50 persen atau 100 persen sorgum mengalami peningkatan aktivitas proliferasi mencapai berturut-turut 70 persen dan 63 persen, aktivitas antioksidan hati (DPPH) mencapai 38 persen dan 29 persen, aktivitas enzim superoksida dismutase (SOD) mencapai 98 persen dan 91 persen, aktivitas enzim katalase (CAT) mencapai 28 persen dan 21 persen, dan aktivitas glutation peroksida (GPx) mencapai 57 persen dan 33 persen, akan tetapi mengalami penurunan kandungan malondialdehid (MDA) hingga 22 persen dan 16 persen. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa sorgum mempunyai aktifitas imunostimulani dan aktivitas perbaikan antioksidan sehingga baik bagi kesehatan.
Sorghum is a cereal that would be useful as alternative carbohydrate source in food diversification program. It has higher protein content than rice and good prospect to be developed in Indonesia. Researches have shown that sorghum has functions in health, such as to decrease degenerative disease risk. Previous in vitro study of sorghum showed that this cereal could increase human lymphocyte cell proliferation in vitro, indicating immune system improvement. The objectives of this research were to study the effects of sorghum on the in vivo immune system and liver antioxidant capacity in rats. Three groups of rats were fed control diet, diet containing 50 percent or 100 percent sorghum as sources of carbohydrate. The results showed that the rats fed with 50 percent or 100 percent sorghum displayed increase in, respectively, proliferation activity by 70 percent and 63 percent; liver antioxidant activity (DPPH) by 38 percent and 29 percent, super dioxide dismutase enzyme activity (SOD) by 98 percent and 91, catalyst enzyme activity (CAT) by 28 percent and 21 percent, and glutathione peroxides enzyme activity (GPx) by 57 percent and 33 percent; but decreased in malondialdehyde (MDA) by 22 percent and 16 percent. This research showed that sorghum has immunostimulation and antioxidant improvement activities and will be very good as source of carbohydrate diet.
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