Aplikasi Konsorsium Mikrob Filosfer dan Rizosfer Untuk Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Padi Application of Phyllosphere and Rhizosphere Microbial Consortium to Improve Rice Growth and Production
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Abstract
Pendekatan secara biologi, memanfaatkan konsorsium mikrob filosfer dan mikrob rizosfer merupakan langkah alternatif mengurangi dampak negatif penggunaan pupuk sintetik, untuk mencapai produksi padi yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari peran konsorsium mikrob filosfer dan mikrob rizosfer terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman padi. Penelitian dilakukan mulai bulan Januari hingga Mei 2014, di Green House Indonesian Centre For Biodiversity and Biotecnology, Bogor. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan konsorsium mikrob terbaik hasil seleksi, yaitu konsorsium mikrob filosfer Fm48 dari daun tumbuhan Emmerrilia ovalis Miq Dandy dan konsorsium mikrob rizosfer R15 dari rizosfer tumbuhan Physalis angulata L. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) satu faktor, yang terdiri atas tiga perlakuan, yaitu : pemberian pupuk N sintetik setengah dosis anjuran yaitu 30 N/ha, pemberian pupuk N sintetik sesuai dosis anjuran, yaitu 60 kg N/ha dan pemberian kombinasi konsorsium mikrob filosfer Fm48 dan mikrob rizosfer R15 dengan diberi pupuk N sintetik setengah dosis anjuran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, aplikasi kombinasi konsorsium mikrob dengan pemberian pupuk N sintetik setengah dosis anjuran, meningkatkan jumlah anakan, bobot kering tanaman, jumlah anakan produktif dan bobot segar malai setara dengan pemberian pupuk N sintetik sesuai dosis anjuran. Biological approach, by utilizing phyllosphere and rhizosphere microbial consortium, offers n alternative method to avoid the negative impact of synthetic fertilizer to the environment to achieve higher rice production. This research aims to study the role of phyllosphere and rhizosphere microbial consortium on the growth and yield of rice plants. The study was conducted from January to May 2014 in Green House Indonesian Centre For Biodiversity and Biotechnology, Bogor. Microbial consortium of phyllosphere Fm48 from plant leaves Emmerrilia ovalis Miq Dandy and microbial consortium of rhizosphere R15 from plant rhizosphere Physalis angulata L. are selected for this study. This research is designed in randomized block design with one factor, which consists of three treatments, namely: half recommended dose of synthetic N fertilizer (30 kg N/ha), recommended dose of Synthetic N fertilizer (60 kg N/ha), and a combination of microbial consortium of phyllosphere and rhizosphere microbes plus half recommended dose of synthetic N fertilizer. The results show that the applications of microbial consortium combined with half of recommended dose of synthetic N fertilizer, increases the number of tillers, plant dry weight, number of productive tillers, and panicles fresh weight equivalent to the use of recommended dosage of synthetic N fertilizer.
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