Aplikasi Konsorsium Mikrob Filosfer dan Rizosfer Untuk Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Padi Application of Phyllosphere and Rhizosphere Microbial Consortium to Improve Rice Growth and Production
Main Article Content
Abstract
Pendekatan secara biologi, memanfaatkan konsorsium mikrob filosfer dan mikrob rizosfer merupakan langkah alternatif mengurangi dampak negatif penggunaan pupuk sintetik, untuk mencapai produksi padi yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari peran konsorsium mikrob filosfer dan mikrob rizosfer terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman padi. Penelitian dilakukan mulai bulan Januari hingga Mei 2014, di Green House Indonesian Centre For Biodiversity and Biotecnology, Bogor. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan konsorsium mikrob terbaik hasil seleksi, yaitu konsorsium mikrob filosfer Fm48 dari daun tumbuhan Emmerrilia ovalis Miq Dandy dan konsorsium mikrob rizosfer R15 dari rizosfer tumbuhan Physalis angulata L. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) satu faktor, yang terdiri atas tiga perlakuan, yaitu : pemberian pupuk N sintetik setengah dosis anjuran yaitu 30 N/ha, pemberian pupuk N sintetik sesuai dosis anjuran, yaitu 60 kg N/ha dan pemberian kombinasi konsorsium mikrob filosfer Fm48 dan mikrob rizosfer R15 dengan diberi pupuk N sintetik setengah dosis anjuran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, aplikasi kombinasi konsorsium mikrob dengan pemberian pupuk N sintetik setengah dosis anjuran, meningkatkan jumlah anakan, bobot kering tanaman, jumlah anakan produktif dan bobot segar malai setara dengan pemberian pupuk N sintetik sesuai dosis anjuran. Biological approach, by utilizing phyllosphere and rhizosphere microbial consortium, offers n alternative method to avoid the negative impact of synthetic fertilizer to the environment to achieve higher rice production. This research aims to study the role of phyllosphere and rhizosphere microbial consortium on the growth and yield of rice plants. The study was conducted from January to May 2014 in Green House Indonesian Centre For Biodiversity and Biotechnology, Bogor. Microbial consortium of phyllosphere Fm48 from plant leaves Emmerrilia ovalis Miq Dandy and microbial consortium of rhizosphere R15 from plant rhizosphere Physalis angulata L. are selected for this study. This research is designed in randomized block design with one factor, which consists of three treatments, namely: half recommended dose of synthetic N fertilizer (30 kg N/ha), recommended dose of Synthetic N fertilizer (60 kg N/ha), and a combination of microbial consortium of phyllosphere and rhizosphere microbes plus half recommended dose of synthetic N fertilizer. The results show that the applications of microbial consortium combined with half of recommended dose of synthetic N fertilizer, increases the number of tillers, plant dry weight, number of productive tillers, and panicles fresh weight equivalent to the use of recommended dosage of synthetic N fertilizer.
Article Details
catatan copyright agar disepakati oleh penulis.
Penulis sepakat dengan ketentuan-ketentuan dalam etika publikasi
Penulis menyatakan bahwa karya tulis yang diserahkan untuk diterbitkan adalah asli, belum pernah dipublikasikan di manapun dalam bahasa apapun, dan tidak sedang dalam proses pengajuan ke penerbit lain
References
Agustin, Nuriyani, Maira L, Emalinda O. 2010. Rhizobakteria Penghasil Fitohormon IAA pada Rhizosfir Tumbuhan Semak Karamunting, Titonia dan Tanaman Pangan. J. Solum. VII (1) : 49 – 60.
Arif DH, N Nurlaeny, R Hindersah, A Nurbaity, R Saraswaty dan AI. Sumunar. 2001. Pemanfaatan Bakteri Filosfer Pemfiksasi
Nitrogen untuk Mensubstitusi Pupuk N Pada Padi Gogo. Bandung : Laporan Penelitian pada Lembaga Penelitian Universitas Padjadjaran
dan Balitbangtan, Proyek Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian Partisipatif Pusat.
Atashpaz S, Khani S, Barzegari A, Barar J, Vahed SZ, Azarbaijani R, Omidi Y. 2010. A Robust Universal Method for Extraction of Genomic DNA from Bacterial Species. MNKPOGNOJTOTNR, mom 79, No. 4, c.562-566.
Azevado JL., Maccheroni WJr. Pereira JO. 2000. Endophytic Microorganism : A Review on Insect Control and Recent Advances on Tropical Plants. Electronic J. of Biotech 3(1):1 – 4. Available at :
http://www.ejb.org/content/vol3/issue/full/4. Bodenhausen N, Bortfeld M-Miller, Martin A,
Vorholt JA, 2014. A Synthetic Community Approach Reveals Plant Genotypes Affecting the Phyllosphere Microbiota. Department of
Environmental Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland, 3 Department of Environmental Microbiology, Eawag, Dubendorf, Switzerland.
PLoS Genet 10(4): e1004283. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1004283
Chi F, Yang P, Han F, Jing Y, Shen S. 2010. Proteomic Analysis of Rice Seedlings Infected by Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021. Proteomics 10
: 1861 – 1874.
Drancourt M, Bollet C, Carlioz A, Martelin R, Gayral JP,Raoulti D. 2000. 16S Ribosomal DNA Sequence Analysis of a Large Collection of Environmental Aplikasi Konsorsium Mikrob Filosfer dan Rizosfer untuk Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Padi 23
Aris Aksarah Pas, Didy Sopandie, Trikoesoemaningtyas, Dwi Andreas Santosa and Clinical Unidentifiable Bacterial Isolates. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 38.10: 3623–3630. Copyright © 2007, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.
Egamberdieva D, 2008). Plant Growth Promoting Properties of hizobacteria Isolated from Wheat and Pea Grown in Loamy Sand Soil. Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, National
University of Uzbekistan, Vuzgorodok, 100174 Tashkent, Uzbekistan. Turk J Biol 32 (2008) 9-15
Gardner FP, RB. Pearce, RL Mitchel. 1991. Fisiologi Tanaman Budidaya. Herawati Susilo penerjemah; Jakarta : UI Pr. Terjemahan dari Physiology of Crop Plants.
Gofar N. 2003. Eksplorasi Konsorsium Mikrob Daun Asal Tumbuhan dari Ekosistem Air Hitam Kalimantan Tengah dan Aplikasinya Sebagai Pemacu Pertumbuhan Tanaman Jagung pada Ultisol. Disertasi pada Program Pascasarjana Universitas Padjadjaran.
Gusmaini 2005. Pemanfaatan Konsorsium Mikrob Daun Berasal dari Tumbuhan Ekosistem Air Hitam untuk Memacu Pertumbuhan Vegetatif
dan Generatif Padi. [Tesis]. Bogor : Sekolah Pascasarjana Institut Pertanian Bogor. Gusmaini, Azis SA, Munif A, Sopandie D, Bermawie
N. 2013. Potensi Bakteri Endofit dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan, Produksi, dan Kandungan Andrografolid pada Tanaman Sambiloto. Jurnal Littri 19(4): 167-177.
Hindersah R, Tualar S. 2004. Potensi Rizobakteri Azotobacter dalam Meningkatkan Kesehatan Tanah. Jurnal Natur Indonesia 5(2):127-133
Jena GFV. 1992. Effect of Spraying Nitrogen Fixing Phyllospheric Bacterial Isolates on Rice Plants. Zentralbl. Mikrobiol. 147 (1992), 441-446.
Knief C, Nathanae, Delmotte1, Chaffron S, Stark M, Innerebner G, Wassmann R, Mering C,Vorholt JA. 2012. Metaproteogenomic Analysis of Microbial Communities in the Phyllosphere and Rhizosphere of Rice. Germany The ISME Journal (2012) 6, 1378–1390.
Lindquist JA. 2001. Bacteriological and Ecological Observation on the Northem Pitcher Plant, Sarracenia pupurea. Literature review, part III ; Plant Microbial Relationships. Dept of Bacteriol Univ. Of Wisconsin, Madison, WI.
Matjik AA, Sumertajaya IM. 2006. Perancangan Percobaan dengan Aplikasi SAS dan MINITAB. Bogor : IPB Press.
Morris C. 2001. Impact of Biofilms on the Ecology and Control of Epiphytic Bacteria. Interdisciplinary Plant Biology Seminar Spiker, January 29, 2001. Plant Pathology Station, INRA, France.
Muthukumarasamy R, Kang UG, Park KD, Jeon WT, Park CY, Cho YS, Kwon SW, Song J, Roh DH, Revathi.(2007). Enumeration, Isolation
and Identification of Diazotrophs from Korean Wetland Rice Varieties Grown with Long Term Application of N and Compost and Their Short-Term Inoculation Effect on Rice Plant. Journal of Applied Microbiology 102 : 981-991. (2007).
Padua VLM, masuda HP, Alves HM, Schwarcz KD, Baldani VLD, Ferreira PCG, Hemerly AS. 2001. Effect of Endophytic Bacterial Indole-Acetic Acid (IAA) on Rice Development. Rio de Janeiro:Dept. Bioquimica medica.
Rao NSS. 2007. Mikroorganisme Tanah dan Pertumbuhan Tanaman. Susilo, penerjemah. Jakarta: UI Press. Terjemahan dari Soil
Microorganism and Plant Growth. Oxford and IBM publishing CO.
Reisberg EE, Hildebrandt U, Riederer M, Hentschel U. 2013. Distinct Phyllosphere Bacterial Communities on Arabidopsis Wax Mutant
Leaves. PLoS ONE 8(11): e78613. oi:10.1371/journal.pone.0078613
Santosa DA, 2001. Rapid Extraction and Purification of Environmental DNA for Moleculer Cloning Application and Moleculer Diversity Studies. Molecular Biotecnologi. Vol. 17. 59-64.
Saraswati R, Husen E, Simanungkalit RDM. 2007. Metode Analisis Biologi Tanah. Jakarta : Balai Besar Litbang Sumberdaya Pertanian. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian. Departemen Pertanian.
Sturz AV., Nowak J. 2000. Endophytic Communities of Rhizobacteria and Strategis Required to Create Yield-Enhancing Association with Crops. Appl. Soil Ecol. 15 : 183 – 190.
Unyayar S, Topcuoglu SF. Unyayar A. 1996. A Modified Method for Extraction and Identification of Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA), Gibberellic Acid (GA3), Abscicid Acid (ABA), and Zeatin Produced by Phanerochaete and Chrysosporium ME446. Bulg J. Plant Physiol. 22 (3-4) : 105-110.
Vorholt JA. 2012. Microbial Life in the Phyllosphere. Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved. 828|December 2012|Volume 10.Werner D, Newton WE. 2005. Nitrogen Fixation in Agriculture, Forestry, Ecology, and the Environment. Published by Springer, P.O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands.