Jaringan Kebijakan dan Ketahanan Pangan Desa Modal Sosial Penghubung  dalam Tata Kelola Kolaboratif dan Akses Pangan Rumah Tangga di Desa Klungkung, Jember

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Diterbitkan: 2026-08-28
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33964/jp.v35i2.961
Kata Kunci:
Jaringan Kebijakan, Ketahanan Pangan Desa, Modal Sosial Penghubung, Social Network Analysis, Tata Kelola Kolaboratif
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Isi Artikel Utama

Muhammad Hadi Makmur
Program Studi Ilmu Administrasi Negara, FISIP, Universitas Jember, Jember, Indonesia
https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9113-4203
Linda Dwi Eriyanti
Program Studi Hubungan Internasional, FISIP, Universitas Jember, Jember, Indonesia
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8316-5585
Akhmad Munif Mubarok
Program Studi Kesejahteraan Sosial, FISIP, Universitas Jember, Jember, Indonesia
https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8949-4583

Abstrak

Latar belakang: Ketahanan pangan bukan hanya ditentukan oleh kecukupan dan ketersediaan produksi, namun juga oleh tata kelola dan relasi antar aktor yang menciptakan akses terhadap informasi, bantuan, serta dukungan sosial. Dalam konteks desa, struktur jaringan antar aktor menjadi penting karena dapat menentukan bagaimana informasi dan sumber daya pangan beredar, juga memengaruhi akses pangan rumah tangga. Tujuan: Artikel ini menganalisis jaringan kebijakan ketahanan pangan di desa Klungkung, Jember, dengan menekankan peran modal sosial penghubung (bridging) dalam mendorong tata kelola kolaboratif dan luaran ketahanan pangan rumah tangga. Metode: Penelitian menggunakan desain survei terhadap 50 rumah tangga. Ketahanan pangan diukur melalui Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) dan indikator diversitas konsumsi, sedangkan jejaring relasi terkait pangan dipetakan menggunakan Social Network Analysis (SNA). Analisis juga dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi aktor penghubung (bridging) atau perantara (broker) serta hubungan antara kerikatan jejaring dan luaran ketahanan pangan rumah tangga. Hasil dan Pembahasan: Analisis jaringan menunjukkan jejaring cukup terhubung namun terfragmentasi ke dalam beberapa kluster; dari total 1.225 relasi potensial, teridentifikasi 156 relasi aktual atau densitas = 0,13, mengindikasikan arus informasi dan sumber daya cenderung berputar dalam kelompok-kelompok tertentu. Studi ini juga mengidentifikasi aktor-aktor penghubung (bridging) atau perantara (broker) yang menghubungkan kluster-kluster tersebut dan berperan penting dalam difusi informasi serta koordinasi dukungan pangan. Hasil analisis hubungan jejaring–luaran menunjukkan bahwa keterhubungan rumah tangga melalui ikatan penghubung (bridging ties) berkorelasi dengan skor HFIAS yang lebih rendah, akses pangan lebih aman dan kecenderungan konsumsi yang lebih beragam, bahkan setelah mempertimbangkan faktor kontrol kondisi rumah tangga. Kesimpulan: Temuan penelitian menegaskan bahwa jaringan merupakan mekanisme implementasi yang memengaruhi pemerataan akses pangan. Implikasi kebijakannya adalah perlunya strategi membangun jejaring (network weaving) yaitu memperluas konektivitas lintas kluster, mendistribusikan fungsi broker agar tidak terkonsentrasi, serta memperkuat transparansi kanal informasi dan kriteria distribusi untuk ketahanan pangan desa yang lebih inklusif.


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Vol 35 No 2 (2026): Sedang Proses

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Biografi Penulis

Muhammad Hadi Makmur, Program Studi Ilmu Administrasi Negara, FISIP, Universitas Jember, Jember, Indonesia

Muhammad Hadi Makmur, adalah dosen dan peneliti pada Program Studi Administrasi negara, FISIP, Universitas Jember. Lulus S1 Ilmu Administrasi Negara, Universitas jember 2000,  S2 Magister Administrasi Publik, Universitas Brawijaya 2008. Fokus kepakarannya meliputi kebijakan publik, implementasi kebijakan, governansi dan pembangunan desa, kemiskinan, ketahanan pangan, serta pemberdayaan masyarakat. Kompetensi profesional sebagai Analis Kebijakan Kualifikasi 7 BNSP.

Linda Dwi Eriyanti, Program Studi Hubungan Internasional, FISIP, Universitas Jember, Jember, Indonesia

Linda Dwi Eriyanti, adalah dosen dan peneliti pada Program Studi Ilmu Hubungan Internasional, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, Universitas Jember. Lulus S1 Ilmu Hubungan Internasional, Universitas Jember tahun 2000, S2 Ilmu Hubungan Internasional UGM tahun 2011, S3 Ilmu Politik UGM tahun 2019. Bidang keahliannya meliputi gender dan feminisme, hubungan internasional, hak asasi manusia, gerakan sosial, pemberdayaan perempuan, serta perdamaian dan resolusi konflik. Penelitian dan publikasinya berfokus pada governance feminism, hak-hak perempuan, politik gender, perempuan dan perdamaian, pemberdayaan perempuan, dan pembangunan sosial yang inklusif.

Akhmad Munif Mubarok, Program Studi Kesejahteraan Sosial, FISIP, Universitas Jember, Jember, Indonesia

Akhmad Munif Mubarok adalah dosen pada Program Studi Kesejahteraan Sosial, FISIP, Universitas Jember, dengan latar belakang keilmuan pekerjaan sosial dan kesejahteraan sosial. Lulus S1 Ilmu Kesejahteraan Sosial, Universitas Jember tahun 2010. S2 Pekerjaan Sosial, Universitas Islam Negri Sunan Kalijaga,Yogyakarta, 2013. Fokus risetnya meliputi pemberdayaan masyarakat, modal sosial, pengembangan UMKM dan ekonomi masyarakat, pembangunan desa, serta kebijakan dan pelayanan sosial berbasis komunitas.

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