Otomasi Pembayaran Rantai Pasok Beras Nasional melalui Smart Contract Berbasis Hyperledger Fabric Bukti Rancang Bangun pada BUMN Pangan
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Latar belakang: Pengadaan gabah dan beras pada Badan Usaha Milik Negara (BUMN) bidang pangan masih bertumpu pada verifikasi dokumen fisik yang berpindah antarlokasi kerja. Ketergantungan tersebut memperpanjang waktu tunggu pembayaran pemasok, mengaburkan status transaksi, dan menurunkan kepercayaan mitra pengadaan. Tujuan: Penelitian ini merancang, membangun, dan mengevaluasi prototipe smart contract berbasis permissioned blockchain untuk mengotomatiskan verifikasi prasyarat dan penerbitan instruksi pembayaran pemasok pada rantai pasok beras di satu wilayah kerja BUMN Pangan, tanpa mengalihkan kewenangan persetujuan akhir maupun eksekusi transfer dana. Metode: Penelitian menerapkan Design Science Research pada satu kasus di Jawa Timur. Identifikasi masalah dilakukan melalui wawancara semiterstruktur terhadap sepuluh pemangku kepentingan dan telaah dokumen prosedural, yang dianalisis secara tematik. Artefak dibangun dalam empat lapisan antarmuka Vue 3, REST API Golang, chain code Hyperledger Fabric, dan penyimpanan awan lalu dievaluasi melalui seratus kasus uji fungsional, 782 simulasi transaksi terhadap basis 7.826 purchase order historis, serta uji keberterimaan pengguna pada 80 responden. Hasil dan Pembahasan: Analisis tematik menghasilkan lima persoalan pokok: fragmentasi proses, ketidakpastian waktu pembayaran, keterbatasan transparansi, inkonsistensi data, dan kebutuhan integrasi. Prototipe meloloskan seluruh kasus uji fungsional. Secara deskriptif, rata-rata waktu pemrosesan tagihan pada simulasi purwarupa 17 menit, lebih pendek 91,8% dibandingkan 3 jam 30 menit pada basis historis; kedua kondisi tidak berpasangan dan tidak dikendalikan sehingga selisih ini dibaca sebagai potensi efisiensi, bukan efek kausal. Uji keberterimaan menghasilkan rerata 4,66 dari 5, dengan skor tertinggi pada dimensi transparansi sistem. Kesimpulan: Prototipe menunjukkan kelayakan awal otomasi verifikasi prasyarat dan penerbitan instruksi pembayaran tanpa meniadakan kewenangan persetujuan pejabat berwenang. Temuan berstatus bukti rancang bangun pada satu wilayah kerja, bukan bukti kesiapan implementasi skala nasional. Adopsi lebih luas bergantung pada kesiapan regulasi, kapabilitas teknis, dan kesediaan organisasi mengubah prosedur baku.
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