Penguatan Indikasi Geografis Beras Pandanwangi Cianjur: KajianKomparatif Standar Indonesia dan Jepang (Strengthening Geographical Indication of Pandanwangi Cianjur Rice:Comparative Study Indonesia-Japan Standards)
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Abstract
Indikasi Geografis (IG) merupakan instrumen penting untuk melindungi produk lokal yang memiliki kualitas dan karakteristik khas akibat faktor alam maupun manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kelemahan deskripsi IG Beras Pandanwangi Cianjur dan menyusun rekomendasi penguatan melalui perbandingan dengan standar IG Jepang yang diatur oleh Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF). Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif berbasis studi pustaka, dengan sumber utama berupa dokumen resmi IG Pandanwangi Cianjur dari Pangkalan Data Kekayaan Intelektual (PDKI) serta Berita Resmi IG No. 03/IG/VII/A/2015, yang kemudian dibandingkan dengan pedoman teknis IG Jepang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa deskripsi IG Pandanwangi Cianjur belum sepenuhnya memenuhi ketentuan dalam PP No. 51 Tahun 2007, karena hanya menekankan ciri fisik beras dan lokasi budidaya secara umum. Unsur penting seperti batas wilayah administratif, sejarah dan reputasi, faktor ekologi, metode produksi, pengawasan mutu, serta sistem pelabelan belum dijabarkan secara rinci. Kondisi ini berpotensi
melemahkan perlindungan hukum dan daya saing produk. Sebaliknya, sistem Jepang menekankan kualitas, reputasi historis, keterkaitan ekologis, serta peran aktif kelompok produsen dalam pengelolaan IG. Oleh karena itu, penyempurnaan deskripsi IG Pandanwangi Cianjur melalui integrasi dimensi kualitas, sosial budaya, ekologi, dan kelembagaan sangat penting untuk memperkuat identitas, meningkatkan nilai tambah ekonomi, dan mendukung keberlanjutan produk di pasar global.
Geographical Indication (GI) is an important instrument to protect local products with distinctive qualities and characteristics shaped by both natural and human factors. This study aimed to identify weaknesses in the GI description of Pandanwangi Cianjur rice and to provide recommendations for strengthening it by comparing it with the Japanese GI standards set by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries (MAFF). The research applied a descriptive qualitative method based on a literature study, using the official GI description of Pandanwangi Cianjur from the Intellectual Property Database (PDKI) and the Official GI Gazette No. 03/IG/VII/A/2015, which were then compared with Japanese technical guidelines and GI descriptions. The results indicated that the GI description of Pandanwangi Cianjur did not fully comply with Government Regulation No. 51 of 2007, as it primarily described the rice's physical attributes and general cultivation areas. Essential elements such as administrative boundaries, history and reputation, ecological factors, production methods, quality control mechanisms, and labeling systems were not explained in detail. This condition may weaken both legal protection and product competitiveness. In contrast, the Japanese system emphasized product quality, historical value, ecological linkages, and the active involvement of producer organizations in GI management. Therefore, improving the GI description of Pandanwangi Cianjur by integrating quality, socio-cultural, ecological, and institutional dimensions is crucial to strengthen identity, increase economic value, and support the sustainability of local products in global markets.
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