Efektivitas Kebijakan Subsidi Input terhadap ProduktivitasPertanian: Kasus Usaha Tani Jagung (Effectiveness of Input Subsidy Policies on Agricultural Productivity:Evidence from Maize Farming)
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Abstract
Subsidi input masih menjadi salah satu instrumen penting dalam kebijakan pertanian untuk
meningkatkan produktivitas dan ketahanan pangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dampak kebijakan subsidi input terhadap produktivitas pertanian, dengan fokus pada usaha tani jagung di Indonesia. Analisis menggunakan data mikro Sensus Pertanian 2013 dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 67.100 rumah tangga usaha tani jagung. Metode Propensity Score Matching (PSM) diterapkan untuk mengukur dampak subsidi pupuk dan subsidi benih terhadap produktivitas, produksi per satuan lahan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan model PSM berhasil mengurangi bias seleksi dan mengonfirmasi adanya pengaruh nyata dari kebijakan subsidi input terhadap produktivitas. Temuan utama memperlihatkan adanya perbedaan arah dampak. Subsidi pupuk terbukti meningkatkan produktivitas usaha tani jagung, sedangkan subsidi benih justru berdampak negatif berupa penurunan produktivitas. Perbedaan ini menegaskan perlunya evaluasi lebih lanjut terhadap efektivitas desain dan implementasi program subsidi input di Indonesia.
Input subsidies remain one of the key policy instruments in agriculture to enhance productivity and food security. This study examines the impact of input subsidy policies on agricultural productivity, with a particular focus on maize farming in Indonesia. The analysis uses microdata from the 2013 Agricultural Census, comprising a sample of 67,100 maize-farming households. The Propensity Score Matching (PSM) method is employed to assess the effects of fertilizer and seed subsidies on productivity. The results indicate that applying the PSM model effectively reduces selection bias and confirms a significant impact of input subsidy policies on productivity. The main findings reveal divergent effects: fertilizer subsidies increase maize farm productivity, whereas seed subsidies reduce it. This contrast underscores the need for further evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and implementation of input subsidy programs in Indonesia.
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