Produktivitas dan Proses Penggilingan Padi Terkait Dengan Pengendalian Faktor Mutu Berasnya
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Abstract
Beras merupakan sumber karbohidrat utama bagi masyarakat Indonesia. Dalam beberapa dekade terakhir, ternyata Indonesia masih memiliki nilai impor beras yang cukup tinggi dibandingkan dengan negara berkembang lainnya yang ada dikawasan ASEAN. Kecenderungan ini mungkin dapat dilatarbelakangi oleh proses panen yang gagal (on-farm) maupun pada proses penggilingan (off-farm). Dua komponen kualitas beras hasil giling yang harus dijaga untuk dapat mempertahankan daya saing beras di pasar adalah persentase beras kepala dan derajat sosoh. Secara umum, kedua parameter diatas merupakan fungsi dari varietas gabah yang digiling, serta metode penggilingan yang terkait dengan jenis dan waktu proses penyosohan.
Rice is the staple food and the main source of calorie in Indonesia. In the last few decades, Indonesia has been importing rice from ASEAN countries such as Thailand and Vietnam with significant value. This phenomenon could be caused by on-farm constraints such as crop failures or agricultural pests and even off-farm constraints, like milling process. Two important quality parameters, namely the percentage of head rice and the milling degree, have to be maintained during milling to keep the competitiveness of rice produced in the market. Generally, the values of those two parameters could be the function of paddy variety and the milling techniques which are related to the type of whitening and polishing machines used and the residence time in the machine.
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