Teknologi Mikrowave untuk Disinfestasi Beras
Main Article Content
Abstract
Penelitian dilakukan untuk melakukan disinfestasi kutu beras Sitophilus oryzae dengan teknik irradiasi mikrowave sistem batch. Beras diinfestasi dengan 10 ekor S. oryzae dan diaduk secara merata dengan ketebalan tumpukan beras antara 1–4 cm dan diradiasikan dengan gelombang mikrowave dengan daya antara 120–800 Watt selama 30 hingga 1200 detik. Kondisi optimum tercapai pada aplikasi mikrowave dengan menggunakan daya listrik 240 Watt selama 60 detik pada beras dengan ketebalan 1 cm. Pada kondisi ini, suhu beras selama aplikasi akan naik mencapai 60,5oC serta kadar air turun sebesar 3 persen. Energi yang dibutuhkan adalah 26,7 kWh per ton dengan biaya tenaga listrik saja sebesar 24.430 Rupiah per ton. Teknologi mikrowave disimpulkan berpotensi untuk menggantikan fumigasi untuk disinfestasi beras karena disamping ekonomis juga tidak meninggalkan residu kimia serta ramah lingkungan.
This study investigates the application of microwave irradiation for batch disinfestation of rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae. Rice was infested artificially with ten rice weevils for each treatment. The infested rice was placed in the microwave oven with a thickness varied from 1 to 4 cm. The rice was irradiated with microwave with a power varied from 120 to 800 Watt for 30 to 1200 seconds. An optimum condition for rice disinfestation was achieved when microwave was applied using a power of 240 Watt for 60 seconds to a bulk of rice with 1 cm thickness. In this condition, the temperature of rice during the application increased up to 60.5oC and the moisture decreased up to 3 percent. Total energy needed for this application was 26.7 kWh per ton. This is similar to an energy cost of about 24,430 Indonesian Rupiah per ton. Microwave technology is concluded to be potential to replace conventional fumigation technology for rice disinfestation because this technology is economically feasible, free from chemical residue in the rice and environmentally friendly.
Article Details
catatan copyright agar disepakati oleh penulis.
Penulis sepakat dengan ketentuan-ketentuan dalam etika publikasi
Penulis menyatakan bahwa karya tulis yang diserahkan untuk diterbitkan adalah asli, belum pernah dipublikasikan di manapun dalam bahasa apapun, dan tidak sedang dalam proses pengajuan ke penerbit lain
References
BULOG. 2006. Buku Panduan Perawatan Kualitas Komoditas Milik BULOG. BULOG. Jakarta.
Datta, A.K. dan R.C. Anantheswaran. 2001. Hand Book of Microwave Technology for Food Applications. Marcel Dekker Inc. New York.
Fellow, P. 1990. Food Processing Technology. Ellis Horwood Ltd., West Sussex.
Institute of Food Technology (IFT). 1989. Microwave Food Processing. A scientific status summary by the IFT expert panel on food safety and nutrition. Food Technol. 43 (1): 117 – 126.
Irfan. 1999. Einfluß einer Mikrowellenbehandlung auf die Verarbeitungseigenschaften und die Lagerfähigkeit von Rapssaaten und-ölen. Cuvillier Verlag, Goettingen.
List, G.R., T.L. Mounts, A.C. Lanser dan R.K.Holloway. 1990. Effect of moisture, microwave heating, and live steam on phospholipase D
activity in soybeans and soy flakes. JAOCS 67 (11):867 – 871.
MacArthur, L.A. dan B.L. D’Appolonia. 1981. Effects of microwave radiation and storage on hard red spring wheat flour. Cereal Chem 58 (1) : 53 – 56.
Mitcham, E.J., R.H. Veltman, X. Feng, E. de Castro, J.A. Johnson, T.L. Simpson, W.V. Biasi, S. Wang dan J. Tang. 2004. Application of radio frequency treatments to control insects in inshell walnuts. Postharvest Biol Technol 33 (1):93 – 100.
Schubert, H. dan M. Regier. 2005. The Microwave Processing of Foods. Woodhead Publishing Ltd. Cambridge.
Smith, C.H. and R.H. Dilday. 2003. Rice, Origin, History, Technology and Production. John Wiley and Sons Inc., New Jersey.
Van Someren Graver, J.E. 2004. Guide to Fumigation under Gas-Proof Sheet. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome.
Wang, S. dan J. Tang. 2004. Radio Frequency Post Harvest Quarantine and Phytosanitary Treatments to Control Insect Pest in Fruit And Nuts. In R. Dris dan S.H. Jain, Production Practice and Quality Assessment of Food CropsVOL. 4: Preharvest Treatment and
Technology. Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands.
Zhao, S., C. Qiu, S. Xiong, dan X. Cheng. 2007a. A Thermal Lethal Method Model of Rice Weevils Subjected to Microwave Irradiation.
Journal of Stored Products Research. 43 : 430 – 434.
Zhao, S. S. Xiong, C. Qiu, Y. Xu. 2007b. Effect of Microwave on Rice Quality. Journal of Stored Products Research. 43:496-502.