Determinan Inovasi Teknologi dan Kebijakan Pengembangan pada Industri Pangan (Determinants of Technological Innovation and Development Policy in Food Industry)
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Abstract
Inovasi teknologi memiliki peranan penting dalam pertumbuhan ekonomi di negara maju, namun demikian, kajian faktor-faktor yang menentukan inovasi teknologi di Indonesia masih terbatas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkaji faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi inovasi industri pangan dan merumuskan alternatif kebijakan dalam meningkatkan inovasi teknologi pada industri pangan. Penelitian menggunakan metode analisis regresi 2 SLS (Two Stage Least Square) dan analisis kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat enam faktor yang mempengaruhi inovasi teknologi pada industri pangan. Faktor tersebut meliputi kepemimpinan, sumberdaya manusia, orientasi pembelajaran, kemampuan perusahaan dalam memberikan insentif, hubungan kerjasama perusahaan dengan pihak luar dan lokasi perusahaan. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, didapat enam alternatif kebijakan untuk mengembangkan inovasi teknologi di industri pangan. Tiga prioritas kebijakan adalah mendorong terjadinya alih teknologi dengan lebih banyak memberikan pelatihan teknologi bagi karyawan perusahaan, mendorong dan memfasilitasi diklat bagi pimpinan perusahaan, menyelenggarakan kompetisi hasil inovasi, melakukan kebijakan alih teknologi dalam setiap pembelian mesin/peralatan serta membangun sentra/kawasan industri terpadu.
Despite the fact that technological innovation and its role in the economic growth of developed countries have been much studied, but there is only little knowledge about the factors that determine technological innovation in Indonesia. Objectives of this study are to analyze the factors that effect innovation in the food industry in Indonesia and to recommend the policy alternative for technological innovation development in food industry. Analytical methods used to achieve the research objective are regression analysis with 2 SLS (Two Stage Least) method and qualitative analysis. The results show that there are six factors that influence technological innovation in the food industry. The determinants include the style of leadership, human capital, learning orientation, the company’s ability to provide incentives, company relationships with outsiders and corporate location. This implies that there are six possibilities of policy in order to promote technological innovation in food industry.
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